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Telephone
Call Meter Using Calculator And COB
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In
this circuit, a simple calculator, in conjunction with
a COB (chip-on-board) from an analogue quartz clock,
is used to make a telephone call meter. The calculator
enables conversion of STD/ISD calls to local call equivalents
and always displays current local call-meter reading.
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The
circuit is simple and presents an elegant look, with
feather-touch operation. It consumes very low current
and is fully battery operated. The batteries used last
more than a year.
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Another
advantage of using this circuit is that it is compatible
with any type of pulse rate format, i.e. pulse rate
in whole number, or whole number with decimal value.
Recently, the telephone department announced changes
in pulse rate format, which included pulse rate in whole
number plus decimal value. In such a case, this circuit
proves very handy
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To
convert STD/ISD calls to local calls, this circuit needs
accurate 1Hz clock pulses, generated by clock COB. This
COB is found inside analogue quartz wall clocks or time-piece
mechanisms. It consists of IC, chip capacitors, and
crystal that one can retrieve from scrap quartz clock
mechanisms. These can be purchased from watch-repairing
shops for less than Rs 20
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Normally,
the COB inside clock mechanism will be in good condition.
However, before using the COB, please check its serviceability
by applying 1.5V DC across terminals C and D, as shown
in the figure. Then check DC voltage across terminals
A and B; these terminals in a clock are connected to
a coil. If the COB is in good condition, the multimeter
needle would deflect forward and backward once every
second. In fact, 0.5Hz clock is available at terminals
A and B, with a phase difference of 90o. The advantage
of using this COB is that it works on a 1.5V DC source
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The
clock pulses available from terminal A and B are combined
using a bridge, comprising diodes D1 to D4, to obtain
1Hz clock pulses. These clock pulses are applied to
the base of transistor T1. The collector and emitter
of transistor T1 are connected across calculator’s ‘=’
terminals
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The
number of pulses forming an equivalent call may be determined
from the latest telephone directory. However, the pulse
rate (PR) found in the directory cannot be used directly
in this circuit. For compatibility with this circuit,
the pulse rate applicable for a particular place/distance,
based on time of the day/holidays, is converted to pulse
rate equivalent (PRE) using the formula PRE = 1/PR.
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You
may prepare a look-up table for various pulse rates
and their equivalents (see Table). Suppose you are going
to make an STD call in pulse rate 4. Note down from
the table the pulse rate equivalent for pulse rate 4,
which is 0.25. Please note that on maturity of a call
in the telephone exchange, the exchange call meter immediately
advances to one call and it will be further incremented
according to pulse rate. So one call should always be
included before counting the calls.
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For
making call in pulse rate 4, slide switch S1 to ‘off’
(pulse set position) and press calculator buttons in
the following order: 1, ‘+’, 0.25, ‘=’. Here, 1 is initial
count, and 0.25 is PRE. Now calculator displays 1.025.
This call meter is now ready to count. Now make the
call, and as soon as the call matures, immediately slide
switch S1 to ‘on’ (start/standby position). The COB
starts generating clock pulses of 1 Hz. Transistor T1
conducts once every second, and thus ‘=’ button in calculator
is activated electronically once every second. The calculator
display
starts from 1.25, advancing every second as follows:
1.25,
1.5, 1.75, 2.00, 2.25, 2.50, and so on.
After
finishing the call, immediately slide switch S1 to ‘off’
position (pulse set position) and note down the local
call meter reading from the calculator display. If decimal
value is more than or equal to 0.9, add another call
to the whole number value. If decimal value is less
than 0.9, neglect decimal value and note down only whole
numbers.
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To
store this local call meter reading into calculator
memory, press ‘M+’ button. Now local call meter reading
is stored in memory and is added to the previous local
call meter reading. For continuous display of current
local call meter reading, press ‘MRC’ button and slide
switch S1 to ‘on’ (start/standby position). The current
local call meter reading will blink once every second.
In
prototype circuit, the author used TAKSUN calculator
that costs around Rs 80. The display height was 1 cm.
In this calculator, he substituted the two button-type
batteries with two externally connected 1.5V R6 type
batteries to run the calculator for more than an year.
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The
power ‘off’ button terminals were made dummy by affixing
cellotape on contacts to avoid erasing of memory, should
someone accidentally press the power ‘off’ button. This
calculator has auto ‘off’ facility. Therefore, some
button needs to be pressed frequently to keep the calculator
‘on’. So, in the idle condition, the ‘=’ button is activated
electronically once every second by transistor T1, to
keep the calculator continuously ‘on’.
Useful
hints. Solder the ‘=’ button terminals by drilling small
holes in its vicinity on PCB pattern using thin copper
wire and solder it neatly, such that the ‘=’ button
could get activated electronically as well as manually.
Take the copper wire through a hole to the backside
of the PCB, from where it is taken out of the calculator
as terminals G and H.
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At
calculator’s battery terminals, solder two wires to
‘+’ and ‘–’ terminals. These wires are also taken out
from calculator as terminals E and F. Affix COB on a
general-purpose PCB and solder the remaining components
neatly. For giving the unit an elegant look, purchase
a jewellery plastic box with flip-type cover (size 15cm
x 15cm). Now fix the board, calculator, and batteries,
along with holder inside the jewellery box. Then mount
the box on the wall and paste the look-up table inside
the box cover in such a way that on opening the box,
it is visible on left side of the box.
Caution.
The negative terminals of battery A and battery B are
to be kept isolated from each other for proper operation
of this circuit.
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| LookUp
Table |
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Pulse
rate (PR)
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2
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2.5
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3
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4
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6
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8
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12
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16
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24
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32
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36
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48
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Pulse
rate eqlt.
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0.5000
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0.4000
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0.333
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0.250
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0.166
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0.125
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0.083
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0.062
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0.041
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0.031
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0.027
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0.020
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| Note
:
Here PRE is shown up to three decimal places. In
practice, one may use up to five or six decimal
places. |
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