Design Guides

A signal can be viewed as a composition of a number of sinusoidal signals with varied amplitude, frequency and phase. Distinguishing this composition requires analyzing the corresponding frequency, amplitude and phase...

Knowledge of common pitfalls in electronics circuit design, and how to avoid these, is important for producing any product While testing a smartphone, the manufacturer finds a major flaw in the device....

Transistors are the basic building blocks of integrated circuits (IC). Every electronic gadget you can possibly imagine today uses transistors. The development started off with vacuum tubes and lead to the...

While there are a lot of books out there on EM waves and antenna design, they have been written for a very wide range of engineers. Ranging from a novice to...

Whether you crave action or relaxation, you will relish radio-controlled (RC) boating because there is nothing quite as comforting as gliding your own RC boat across a pond. If you enjoy...

Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer information from a tag to RFID reader for identification purposes. The tags do not require battery power. They...

MQTT is very useful for connections with remote client where a small code footprint is needed, or internet bandwidth is very low. For example, it has been used in sensors communicating...

There is a wide application of linear actuator where one wants to move something but they do not want to physically get involved in moving it. There are quite a number...

In the previous parts we covered multi-layer PCB designing. Now, let us look at grounding or earthing. Grounding can be defined as a connection, whether intentional or accidental, between an electrical circuit...

Here is a comprehensive guide to making your own PCBs at home using materials that are readily available in shops and online stores. While it addresses single-sided PCBs, it can be extended to create double-sided PCBs as well.