Basics

The sine wave is a smooth waveform that oscillates (moves above and below zero periodically) as shown on the RHS of Fig. 1. This kind of wave pattern often occurs in...

We all must have witnessed and used a cylindrical device called the rheostat while performing experiments in the Physics lab. But we never really delved into its technicalities. A rheostat is a...

Flux is a water based paste that contains a cleaning agent, activator, and wetting agent used in soldering to remove oxides from the area to be soldered. A good flux cleans...

A barcode is a series of parallel black bars and white spaces, both of varying widths. Each combination or sequence of bars and spaces is a code representing information such as...

Before we get into what a GSM module is, let us get our fundamentals right and understand what GSM and GPRS are. A GSM module or a GPRS module is a chip or...

This video contains the basic introduction of multiplexer and demultiplexer. As we know, Multiplexer and Demultiplexer is a combinational logic circuit. The multiplexer selects one input among several inputs as an...

We come across Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) displays everywhere around us. Computers, calculators, television sets, mobile phones, digital watches use some kind of display to display the time. An LCD screen is an...

An operational amplifier or op-amp is simply a linear Integrated Circuit (IC) having multiple-terminals. The op-amp can be considered to be a voltage amplifying device that is designed to be used...

An inverter LED bulb is essentially an emergency LED bulb. Actually, such products are somewhat confusing because there is no inversion process (DC to AC, or vice versa) involved in the...

The design of a battery charging circuit with or without filter capacitor depends on many factors including the type of battery and the charging method used. One must follow the safety...