In this lecture, Rakesh Jain, Assistant Professor (ECE) at Gitanjali Institute of Technical Studies, Udaipur, explains the concept of State Reduction in Sequential Circuits using a Mealy Machine example. State reduction is an important technique in Finite State Machine (FSM) design that helps minimise the number of states without changing the external behaviour of the system. By identifying equivalent states, we can reduce hardware complexity, decrease flip-flop count, lower power consumption, and improve overall reliability.
This video walks step by step through:
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- Meaning of State Reduction
- Definition of equivalent states
- Need for state reduction
- Mealy vs Moore machines
- Construction of the Present State / Next State table
- Output analysis for X = 0 and X = 1
- Identification of equivalent states
- Merging states (Q = S, P = R)
- Formation of the reduced state table
- Drawing the reduced state diagram
- Final minimised FSM: A complete worked example is demonstrated, showing how multiple states are combined while preserving identical input–output behavior.
This session is ideal for:
- Electronics & Communication Engineering students
- Digital Electronics learners
- FSM beginners
- Exam preparation (University / REET / GATE basics)
Key Topics Covered:
- State reduction in sequential circuits
- Finite State Machine (FSM)
- Mealy machine explanation
- Present state and next state table
- Equivalent states
- State minimisation
- Reduced state diagram
- Advantages of state reduction
By the end of this video, you will understand:
- How to identify equivalent states
- How to reduce FSM states step by step
- How state reduction simplifies circuit design
- Why state minimisation is important in digital systems
